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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00124_Field_frep46.txt
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1996-12-30
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ARCHITECTURE OF THE CORTEX
Now we can return to our
initial question: How are the
physiological properties of
cortical cells related to their
structural organization? We can
sharpen the question by
restating it: Knowing that cells
in the cortex can differ in
receptive-field position,
complexity, orientation
preference, eye dominance,
optimal movement direction,
and best line length, should we
expect neighboring cells to be
similar in any or all of these, or
could cells with different
properties simply be peppered
throughout the cortex at
random, without regard to their
physiological attributes?
Just looking at the anatomy
with the unaided eye or under
the microscope is of little help.
We see clear variations in a
cross section through the
cortex from one layer to the
next, but if we run our eye
along any one layer or examine
the cortex under a microscope
in a section cut parallel to the
layers, we see only a gray
uniformity. Although that
uniformity might seem to argue
for randomness, we already
know that for at least one
variable, cells are distributed
with a high degree of order. The
fact that visual fields are
mapped systematically onto the
striate cortex tells us at once
that neighboring cells in the
cortex will have receptive
fields close to each other in the
visual fields. Experimentally
that is exactly what we find.
Two cells sitting side by side in
the cortex invariably have
their fields close together, and
usually they overlap over most
of their extent. They are
nevertheless hardly ever
precisely superimposed. As the
electrode moves along the
cortex from cell to cell, the
receptive-field positions
gradually change in a direction
predicted from the known
topographic map. No one would
have doubted this result even
fifty years ago, given what was
known about geniculo-cortical
connections and about the
localized blindness resulting
from strokes. But what about
eye dominance, complexity,
orientation, and all the other
variables?